Ramadhan ul Mubarak Ke Kuch Ahkaam o Masaail (Part-11)

Ramadhan ul Mubarak Ke Kuch Ahkaam o Masaail (Part-11)

Tehreer: Shaikh Maqbool Ahmad Salafi Hafizahullah 

Sadqat ul Fitr

Sadqat ul Fitr ki farziyyat:
Jis saal ramadhan ka roza farz howa usi saal sadqat ul fitr bhi farz howa Yaani do hijri mein. Is ki farziyyat Quran o Hadees aur Ijma e Ummat se saabit hai.
¤ Quran se daleel¤ 
قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَكَّىٰ۞
Tarjumah: Beshak us ne falah paa li jo paak ho gaya.
Surah al Aala, Surah No: 87, Ayat No: 14

¤ Sunnat se daleel¤ 
عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ
Tarjumah: Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se riwayat hai ki Allah ke Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne ramadhan mein Sadqat ul fitr ko musalmanoon mein se har nafs par farz kar diya hai.
Sahih Muslim: 984

Imam Ibn e Munzir Rahimahullah ne is ki farziyyat par Ijma naqal kiya hai.
Al-Ijma (Ibn e Munzir): Page No: 55

Sadqat ul Fitr/ Zakat ul Fitr ko Zakatul Badan aur Zakat un Nafs bhi kaha jaata hai. Aam urdu bol chaal mein yeh Fitra ya Fitrana ke naam se jaana jata hai.

Fitranay ki hikmat:
Do hikmatein to aik Hadees mein mazkoor hain:
فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ طُهْرَةً لِلصَّائِمِ مِنَ اللَّغْوِ وَالرَّفَثِ وَطُعْمَةً لِلْمَسَاكِينِ
Tarjumah: Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Sadqat ul Fitr rozaydaar ko lagw aur behooda baaton se paak karney ke liye aur miskeenon ke khaaney ke liye Farz kiya hai.
Abu Daud: 1609 and Ibn e Majah: 1827
! Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko “Sahih ul Jami': 3570” mein sahih kaha hai. 

¤Pehli hikmat¤ 
Rozaydaar ki paaki: Rozay ki halat mein rozaydaar se honay wali galatiyon se paak honay ke liye Fitrana ada kiya jaata hai.

¤Doosri hikmat¤ 
Miskeenon ka khana: Eid ke din jahan maldaar log khushi manayen wahein apni khushi mein shaamil karney ke liye un ke zimma ghareebon aur miskeenon ko Fitranah ada karna hai taakay woh bhi musalmanoon ki eid ki khushi mein barabar ke shareek ho saken.

¤ Teesri hikmat¤ 
Fitranay mein miskeenon ke saath ulfat o muhabbat ke izhaar ke siwa, apne badan ka sadqa bhi hai kiyunkay Allah Taala ne ab tak apni taufeeq se zinda rakha. Aur Allah ki un ne’maton ka shukriya bhi jo ramadhan ul mubarak mein (roza, qiyam, aitekaf, lailat ul qadr wagera ki shakl mein) miltey hain.

Fitranay ki shartein:
Is ki teen shartein hain;
1. Fitraney ke liye islam shart hai, is liye kafir par Fitrana nahi .
2. Istita’at: Fitrana ke liye nisaab ka maalik hona shart nahi balkay agar kisi ke paas Eid ki raat aur us din apney aur apne ehl o ayaal par kharch karney se zadah khuraak ho to usay miskeenon ko sadqa karey.
3. Teesri shart Fitranay ka wajibi waqt hona hai jo Eid ka chaand niklney se Eid ki namaz ke waqt tak hai.

Kin ki taraf se fitraana ada kiya jayega?
Is silsilay mein Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ka farmaan hai:
عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ أَوْ رَجُلٍ أَوْ امْرَأَةٍ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ
Tarjumah: Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se riwayat hai ki Allah ke Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne ramadhan mein musalmaano mein se har shakhs par azaad ya gulaam, mard ho ya aurat, choota ho ya bada khajooron ka aik saa’ ya jaw (barley) ka aik saa’ Sadqat ul fitr muqarrar farmaya.
Sahih Muslim: 984

¤ Is liye har musalman chahey wo chota ho ya bada, azad ho ya ghulam, mard ho ya aurat un ki taraf se Fitra nikalna un ke sarparast ke zimmay wajib hai.

¤ Yateem aur majnu ke paas maal ho to un ki taraf se bhi Fitra nikala jaye.

¤ Pait mein maujood bachchay ki taraf se Fitraana wajib nahi hai magar koi istihbaab ke taur par dena chahey to dey sakta hai.

¤ Mayyit ki taraf se Fitraana nahi hai. Haan agar mayyit ne waqt e wujoob (Eid ka chaand niklney se Eid ki namaz tak) ko pa liya to us ki taraf se Fitraana ada kiya jayega.

¤ Naukar ya Naukraani ka Fitrana khud unkey zimmay hai, agar us ka maalik ada kardey to ada ho jayega.

Fitranay mein kya diya jaaye?
Jis country mein jo cheez ghiza (khaaney) ke taur par istemaal ki jati hai usay Fitrana ke taur par dey saktey hain. Is se mutalliq Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ka farmaan hai:
عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَرَضَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى كُلِّ نَفْسٍ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حُرٍّ أَوْ عَبْدٍ أَوْ رَجُلٍ أَوْ امْرَأَةٍ صَغِيرٍ أَوْ كَبِيرٍ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ
Tarjumah: Abdullah bin Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se riwayat hai ki Allah ke Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne ramadhan mein musalmaano mein se har shakhs par azaad ya gulaam, mard ho ya aurat, choota ho ya bada khajooron ka aik saa’ ya jaw (barley) ka aik saa’ Sadqat ul fitr muqarrar farmaya.
Sahih Muslim: 984

Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ke zamaney mein jaw (barley), khajoor, munqqa aur paneer khaaney ke taur par istemaal hota tha. Hamaray yahan normally chawal, gheehon, chana, jaw, baajra, jawar waghera khaanay ki cheezein hain lehaza hum un mein se Fitraana nikalengey.

Saa’ ki miqdaar:
Fitranay ki miqdaar aik saa’ hai. Aik saa’ chaar mad ka hota hai. Gram ke hisaab se saa’ ki ta'een mein kaafi ikhtilaaf hai. Sheikh Ibn e Uthaimeen ne 2kilo 40gram batlaya hai. Kuch ne 2kilo 100gram, kuch ne taqreeban dhai kilo (2.5kg), kuch ne 2kilo 175gram, kuch ne 2kilo 751gram kaha hai. Sheikh Ibn e Baaz ne 3kilo batlaya hai. Yahi Saudi Fatwa Committee Lajna Daima ka fatwa hai.
√ Ziyada tar aqwaal dhai kilo (2.5kg) ke aas paas hain. Agar dhai kilo ke hisaab se nikaal diya jaye to ziyada munasib hai. Is mein fuqaraa aur masakeen ka faida bhi hai aur agar koi 3kilo ke hisaab se nikalta hai to is mein bhi koi harj nahi.

! Yahan aik aur masla jaan lena chahiye ke aik hi jins se aik saa’ nikalna behtar hai na ke aadha aik jins se aur aadha aik jins se.
Abu Daud aur Nasai waghera mein nisf saa’ ka bhi zikr hai magar woh riwayat sahih nahi hai. Is silsilay mein kuch Aasaar bhi mlitay hain. Imam Abu Hanifah, Sheikh ul Islam Ibn e Taimiyah, Allama Ibn e Qayyim, Allama Albani aur Ubaidullah Mubarakpoori Rahimahumullah ka mauqif hai ke nisf saa’ bhi kifayat karega.

Fitranay ka Masraf (means Fitrana kinko diya jaaye):
Fitranay ka Masraf Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne bata diya hai:
فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ طُهْرَةً لِلصَّائِمِ مِنَ اللَّغْوِ وَالرَّفَثِ وَطُعْمَةً لِلْمَسَاكِينِ
Tarjumah: Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Sadqat ul Fitr rozaydaar ko lagw aur behooda baaton se paak karney ke liye aur miskeenon ke khaaney ke liye Farz kiya hai.
Abu Daud: 1609 and Ibn e Majah: 1827
! Allama Albani Rahimahullah ne is Hadees ko “Sahih ul Jami': 3570” mein sahih kaha hai. 
Yeh Hadees batati hai ke Fitrana ka masraf fuqaraa or masakeen hain. Kuch ulama ne kaha Zakat ke 8 Masaarif mein Fitraana sarf kar saktay hain (means jin logon ko zakat di jaati hai unko Fitrana de saktey hain) magar yeh baat upar zikr ki gai Hadees ke khilaaf hai.
¤ Sheikh ul Islam Ibn e Taimiyah Rahimahullah ne Fitranay ko Faqeeron or Miskeenon ke saath khaas kiya hai aur daleel se qawi-tar isi ko qarar diya hai.
Majmoo' al Fatawa: 25 / 71

¤ Sheikh Ibn e Baaz ne kaha ke Fitranay ka masraf Fuqaraa or Masaakeen hain kiyunkay Ibn e Abbas Radhiallahu Anhuma se saabit hai:
فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ طُهْرَةً لِلصَّائِمِ مِنَ اللَّغْوِ وَالرَّفَثِ وَطُعْمَةً لِلْمَسَاكِينِ
Tarjumah: Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Sadqat ul Fitr rozaydaar ko lagw aur behooda baaton se paak karney ke liye aur miskeenon ke khaaney ke liye Farz kiya hai.
Abu Daud: 1609 and Ibn e Majah: 1827
Majmoo' al Fatawa: 14 / 204
Lehaaza Fitraana Faqeeron or Miskeeno ke alawah Masjidon aur Madarson waghera par kharch karna sunnat ki mukhalifat hai.
Agar apni jagah par Faqeeron or Miskeenon ko na paaye to doosri jagah Fitraana bhaij day.

¤Fitranay ka waqt¤ 
Fitranay ka do waqt hai;
Aik waqt wujoob ka aur aik waqt jawaaz ka.

¤Wujoob ka waqt¤ 
Eid ka chaand nazar aaney se Eid ki namaz tak hai. Is darmiyan kisi waqt mustahiq ko Fitrana dey dey.

¤Jawaaz ka waqt¤ 
Eid se aik do din pehlay Fitrana dena jayez hai. Bukhari aur Muslim mein Ibn e Umar Radhiallahu Anhuma se marwi hai:
وَكَانُوا يُعْطُونَ قَبْلَ الْفِطْرِ بِيَوْمٍ أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ
Tarjumah: Sahaba e Kiraam Radhiallahu Anhum Eid se aik ya do din pehlay Fitrana ada kartey they.
Sahih Bukhari: 1511

Afzal waqt Eid ki namaz ke liye niklaney se pehlay ada karna hai kiyunkay Hadees mein hai:
وَأَمَرَ بِهَا أَنْ تُؤَدَّى قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ النَّاسِ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ‏
Tarjumah: Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Eid ki namaz ke liye nikalney se pehlay logon ko Fitrana ada karney ka hukm diya.
Sahih Bukhari: 1503  and Sahih Muslim: 986

¤ Eid ki namaz ke baad Fitra dainay se ada nahi hoga woh sirf aam sadqa shumaar hoga lekin agar kisi ke saath bhool ho gayi ya kisi shar’ee uzr ki bunyaad par late ho gayi to Allah taala aisay bandon se darguzar (maaf) karta hai.

Fitrana denay ki jagah:
Is mein asal yahi hai ke jo jis jagah rehta hai wahein Fitra ada karey lekin agar wahan Fuqaraa or Masaakeen maujood na hon to Fitra doosri jagah bhej day. Isi tarah agar kisi doosri jagah bhejnay ki sakht zaroorat ho to aik jagah se doosri jagah muntaqil karney mein koi harj nahi.

Fitranay mein raqam dena:
Yeh aik ahem masla hai jiskey Jaayez aur Na Jaayez honay mein ikhtilaaf hai. Ahadees ki roshni mein yeh masla wazeh hai, Nabi Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ne Fitranay ko miskeenon ki ghiza (means unka khana) qarar diya hai or ghiza khayi jaaney wali cheez hai, na ke raqam.
Is liye Rasool Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam ke farmaan par chaltay hue galley se hi Fitra ada karna behtar or afzal hai. Albatta sakht zaroorat ke tehat Fitray ki raqam dena bhi jaayez hai. Is ko misaal se is tarah samajh len ke aaj kal Fuqaraa aur Masaakeen jinhein ghallay ki zaroorat nahi hoti woh hum se ghalla to le letay hain magar usey bech kar qeemat haasil kartey hain aur fir qeemat se apni zaroorat ki cheezein khreedtey hain. Aisay halaat mein bajaye is ke ke miskeen ko ghalla bechnay ki mashaqqat miley aur ghallay ki kam qeemat haasil karni padey hum khud un ki taraf se wakeel ban kar ghallay ki qeemat ada kar dein.
Wazeh rahay ki yeh sirf zaroorat ke waqt jaayez hai albatta behtar aur afzal sunnat ki pairwi hai jo ke khaanay peenay ki cheezon se Fitra ada karna hai.

Romanised By: Umar Asari

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